Part I. Special Issue of Endoscopic Spine Surgery
Paradigm Shifting of Endoscopic Spine Surgery
Nomenclature of Endoscopic Spine Surgery
Part II. Lumbar Central Stenosis
Full Endoscopic Posterior Approach, In and Out
Full Endoscopic Posterior Approach ‘Out and In’ Technique
Biportal Endoscopic Approach for Lumbar Central Stenosis
Part III. Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis
Uniportal Full Endoscopic Contralateral Approach for Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis
Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis: Full Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach
Full Endoscopic Paraspinal Approach for Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis
Contralateral Sublaminar Approach for Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis Using Biportal Endoscopic Surgery
Biportal Endoscopic Paraspinal Approach for Foraminal and Extraforaminal Disc Herniations
Part IV. Lumbar Disc Herniation
Full Endoscopic Approach with Foraminoplasty
Full-Endoscopic Transpedicular Approach
Biportal Endoscopic Approach (Biportal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy)
Part V. Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Endoscope-Assisted Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Endoscopic LIF (Uniportal); Endoscopic TLIF; FELIF (Full Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion)
Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion